Mechanism of X-ray radiation

Mechanism of X-ray

Emission of X-rays by the collision of high-speed electrons with heavy atoms like Tungsten

When high-energy electrons collide with target, the following atomic process wills be occurred.

1) When the energetic electrons directly collide with innermost electron shells of the atoms that in the top surface of the target, the shells get excited and the electrons in the shells will produce hard X-rays.

2) When an energetic electron directly collides with an electron that in the innermost electron

shell of the target atom, the both electrons will be escaped out and the 'newly created' electron hole will be filled from an outer shell. This causes the shell get excited and the "filled" electron and the previously present electron will be excited and emit hard X-rays.

3) The energetic electrons that are passing (without colliding the innermost shells) through the atoms that in the top surface of the target, because of the slowdown by the collision with the outer shells of the atoms that in the top surface of the target, they can only able to excite the shells that above of the innermost electron shells of the atoms in the inner region of the target. Since these electrons are retarded by the outer shells of the target atoms, that outer shells will be excited and a continues spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) of frequencies from infrared rays to soft X-rays will be produced by the electrons that present in the excited shells.

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