Structure of electron: An important scientific discovery!

One simple discovery can revolutionize many of the present day beliefs in the field of fundamental physics.

Structure of atom, electric field and magnetic field, explanation of light, light emission and light absorption, chemical reactions, wave nature of matter etc.

Contents

*Evidences for electron have a standing-electric field and magnetic field.
*Evidence for the standing- electric field and magnetic field are at right angle.
Impact of the new structure of electron on current beliefs and theories:
*Impact on the current atom model.
*How magnetoresistance and electro-resistance works?
*Impact on the current theory of electric field, magnetic field and light.
*How is radio wave created?
*How is light emitted by an atom?
*Explanation for the wave nature of particles (matter wave).
*More evidences for the right angle relationship between electric field and magnetic field.
 

Evidences for electron have a standing-electric field and magnetic field.

We can influence (attract/repel) electrons by the application of both electric field and magnetic field.

Examples for the influence of electric field on electrons (charged particles): - Working of a vacuum tube, static electricity, electricity in a conductor, repulsion between same charged particles, electro-resistance, Stark effect etc.

Examples for the influence of magnetic field on electrons: - Electromagnetic induction, attraction and repulsion on an electron beam, magnetoresistance (MR), Zeeman effect etc.

But, as electric field can only be influenced by electric field and magnetic field can only be influenced by magnetic field, we can conclude that electron has a standing- electric field and magnetic field. 

Electric field influenced by an electric field (attraction between plus charge and minus charge)

Deflection of an electron beam by a magnetic field (Magnetic fields of the electrons influenced by an external magnetic field)

Evidence for the standing- electric field and magnetic field are at right angle.

The flow of electrons in a conductor is caused by the potential difference in the conductor (attraction of positive charge electric field from the front side and the repulsion of negative charge electric field from the rear side). But an electric current creates a magnetic field that is right angle to the direction of current. This right angle relationship between electric current and magnetic field indicate that electron has electric field and magnetic field at right angle. 

(more experiential evidences for the standing- electric field and magnetic field- see below).

Impact of the new structure of electron on current beliefs and theories:

Impact on the current atom model
Impact => because of the attraction between electric fields of electrons and the nucleus, the electric fields of electrons in an atom will be always directed to the nucleus and the magnetic fields of the electrons will be horizontal to the nucleus (see image).

If an electron shell has more than two electrons, because of the mutual repulsions between electrons, the electrons in the shell will be arranged spherically (see Structure of atom). Impact => electrons can only oscillate (move vertically about the nucleus) in an atom and CANNOT make any other type of motions. Impact => as the electric fields of electrons are directed to the nucleus, photons emitted by atomic electrons is an evidence for the OML (oscillating magnetic line*) theory of light and also an evidence for the right angle relationship between electric field and magnetic field.

In an atom, there are two types of forces are acting on its electrons. They are attraction from the nucleus and repulsion between electrons (in hydrogen atom attraction from the nucleus only) but these forces cannot create constant motion in electrons and so there is no any motion for electrons.

Impact => as there is no motions (no centrifugal force), there must be a force (an obstacle) that preventing the electrons from falling into the nucleus. Impact => the space inside of atom is not empty, but filled with a form of matter. I name this matter as ‘space matter’. Impact => evidence of space matter /aether.

Practical application: As electron has a standing- electric field and magnetic field, we can rotate the electrons which are loosely binded to a material (for example free electrons in a conductor) by the application of an external electric field or magnetic field (this is how magnetoresistance and electro-resistance work).

In a conductor, when the electric field of an electron and a positive charge electric field come face-to-face, the “pull” between them become maximum and the electron feels the lowest resistance (up state) in the conductor. Also, when the electric field of a front electron and a rear electron come face-to-face, the repulsion between them become maximum and the electron in the front is pushed forward with more efficiently. But if the electron rotates, the forces on electron (push and pull) decrease proportionally with the angle of rotation. By turning 90⁰ angles, the electron feels the highest resistance (down state). By applying an external electric field or magnetic field, we can rotate the electron from 0⁰ to 90⁰ angles and can create the equal number of different resistance combinations.

By applying a strong electric or magnetic field, we can alter the electron configuration in an atom (Zeeman Effect and Stark effect). Interestingly, for explaining magnetoresistance, electro-resistance, fine structure and the Stern-Gerlach experiment (a beam of silver atoms directed through an inhomogeneous magnetic field would be forced into two beams), the so-called "spin property" of electron is not required. Also, evidently, a ‘consistent spin’ of particles does not exist.

Impact on the current theory of electric field, magnetic field and light:

As electron has a standing-electric field and magnetic field at right angle, when an electron oscillates parallel to its electric field, the electron creates an oscillating magnetic field (for example the oscillation of electrons in a conductor). Also, when a conductor oscillates in a magnetic field, the free electrons in the conductor make oscillations parallel to their electric fields and create an oscillating electric field (alternating current) in the conductor. Oscillation of an electron parallel to its magnetic field can create an oscillating electric field.

Impact => electric field and magnetic field both are created only in the presence of charged particles. Oscillation of one field (electric/magnetic) in "empty space" creates no other field.

Impact => the magnetic field created by a permanent magnet is caused by the alignment of motionless electrons. In a current carrying conductor, the flowing electrons cause to align them and create a collective magnetic field around the conductor; otherwise there are NO any direct connections between electricity and magnetism. In an electromagnet, by the influence of the magnetic field that created by the flowing electrons in the solenoid coil, the outer electrons of the atoms in the iron core will be aligned and create a magnetic field.

How is radio wave created?

Oscillation of electrons in a conductor is caused by the alternation of electric attraction on electrons. As the magnetic field of an electron is right angle to its electric field, when oscillates, an electron creates an oscillating magnetic line and this oscillating magnetic line is radiated to space perpendicular to the oscillating electron. So, radio wave is oscillating magnetic lines.
Impact => electric current creates magnetic field and oscillating electric current creates oscillating magnetic field.

How is light emitted by an atom?
Light emission by an atom is caused by the oscillation of its electrons. As the electric field is directed to the nucleus, when oscillates an electron creates an OML photon. The photon is emitted right angle to the oscillating electron. That is, there is a 90⁰ angles between oscillation of electrons and emission of photons.

Explanation for the wave nature of particles (matter wave).
Because of a charged particle has a standing- electric field and magnetic field, when it moves at a high speed, it CANNOT travel in a straight line. That is, when a charged particle is in motion, its field lines make it to oscillate.

An uncharged particle like neutron has only a standing- magnetic field. So, when a neutron is accelerated, its magnetic line makes it to oscillate. Impact => a particle's standing field lines is the reason for the wave nature when it moves at high speed.

 More evidences for the right angle relationship between electric field and magnetic field of a charged particle.

1) A radio transmitter antennae creates radio waves that are perpendicular to the oscillating electrons in the transmitter antennae.  

2) Magnetoresistance: - When the applied magnetic field is perpendicular the current, the magnetoresistance become minimum.

3) When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field, it feels a force that is at right angle to the velocity of the charged particle. 

4) Since the electric fields of atomic electrons are always directed to the nucleus, the magnetic field created by electrons in an atom is an evidence for the right angle relationship (see electron configuration in atoms).

5) Hall effect [the Hall effect refers to the potential difference (Hall voltage) on the opposite sides of an electrical conductor through which an electric current is flowing, created by a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the current].

6) Lorentz Force (moving charges experience a force when a magnetic field is present that is not parallel to their motion).

7) Stewart-Tolman effect & Barnett effect:-

Stewart-Tolman effect:-In a conducting body undergoing accelerating motion, inertia causes the electrons in the body to "lag" behind the overall motion. In the case of linear acceleration, negative charge accumulates at the end of the body; while for rotation the negative charge accumulates at the outer rim.

Barnett effect: - The magnetization of a ferromagnetic body when spun on its axis. The magnetization occurs parallel to the axis of spin. When the body rotates, the mobile electrons move to the outer rim due to the centrifugal force and accumulate there. This separation of charges creates a potential difference between the axis and the outer rim. As the electric field of an electron will be always directed to positive charge and the electron has electric and magnetic field at right angle, the magnetic field is created parallel to the axis of the spin. 

 See article "What is light?"