SPACE INSIDE OF ATOM IS NOT EMPTY !!

Space inside of atom is not empty as current belief in the scientific world, but filled with space matter. The distance between nuclear particles ('particle' in the case of protium - one isotope of hydrogen) and the surrounding space matter in an atom is sufficiently close for transmitting the

strong force (it is noted that, the strong force has only a range of 10^-15m). This strong force that exerted by nuclear particles on the surrounding space matter causes, it form a denser region of space matter, that covers the nucleus. This space matter in the atoms is the cause of many of the phenomena that generated by matter in the atomic world.  

*The wave nature of particles is not the property belong them; but it depends on the energy background that the particles exist. 

The theory of wave-particle duality, matter waves, standing waves etc for electrons in an atom are wrong concepts. An electron can exhibit wave nature only when the electron is situated in one or more situations stated below. 

a) Radiation background :- In a background of radio waves to gamma rays.

b) Varying electric or magnetic field.

c) When an electron is accelerated by an electric field (attraction or repulsion).

d) When an electron is accelerated by a magnetic field (attraction or repulsion).

e) When an electron is accelerated by a radio active nucleus (beta ray).  

  The experiments conducted for observing the 'wave nature' of particles indicate that, there is a close relationship between particles oscillations with their speed. For example, particle diffraction experiments, slit experiments, Davisson and Germer experiment etc. 

 Today we know that, in an isolated, non-radioactive atom, there are two types of forces are exerted on its electrons.1) Attractive force from the nucleus. 2) Repulsion between the electrons. But, these forces can not able to make the electrons in a consistent motion. Since there is no motions for electrons in an isolated, non- radioactive atom, there is no any wave nature for electrons. (see Structure of an atom)

Since all atoms in the nature are situated in one or more energy backgrounds, electrons in an atom will be normally in an oscillatory mode. In a cryogenic background, atoms can emit micro waves by its outermost electrons, and as the temperature increases, more and more inner electrons will be exited and emit more and more short wavelength radiations (see light emission).

Electron configuration

*There are three factors that determine the electron configuration in an atom.

1) Attractive force from the nucleus to negative charged electrons.

2) Repulsive forces between electrons (electrons within an electron shell and electrons from inner and outer electron shells).  

3) Buoyant force exerted on the electrons by the space matter in the atom.

*Finding the natural frequencies of electron shells and primary- transitory shells.

If we can make the whole of the absorption spectrum lines or emission spectrum lines of an atom in all frequencies from Infrared rays to X-rays at their cooled state, we can directly observe the natural frequencies of each of the electron shells and primary- transitory shells of that atom.

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CONTENTS

Preface

Where is the energy coming from in an exothermic chemical reaction and why endothermic chemical reactions absorb energy to proceed? What is the real fact behind the pair production (electron and positron) when gamma rays with a sufficient energy, passing through near a heavy nucleus? Why atoms are so rigid? What are the real mechanisms behind the heat transfer by means of conduction (the exact mechanism of heat conduction in solid materials)? How atoms of different elements generate their own unique line spectrums? Why the line spectrums of isotopes of same element are different? Why electrons are not falling in to the nucleus? Why the absorption of high-energy photons is greater in high atomic weight atoms than low atomic weight atoms? ... The exact answers of these questions are still unexplained with help of the standard model of atom. Also, there are two other interesting phenomena in chemical reactions, 'slight mass gain' in endothermic reactions and 'slight mass loss' in exothermic chemical reactions, even though it is only measurable if the reactants are much in quantity. My investigations indicate that, the space between orbital electrons and the nuclei of atoms are not empty, but filled with space matter. The greater space matter density is in the regions that closer to the nucleus and gradually decreases to the outer regions. This new atom model can enlighten all phenomena that generated by matter in the atomic world.

 line_spectrum_of_hydrogen_atom chemical_reaction structure_of_an_atom Chemical_Energy what_is_light mechanism_of_light new_developments_in_theoretical_physics.pdf download_atom_model Nuclear_Energy electric_magnetic_field structure_of_the_space_matter absorption_spectrum_and_emission_spectrum nuclear_reaction atomic_shell what_is_heat radio_wave physics pair_production_annihilation star_light_bending image_gallery xether_wave xray natural_frequency_orbital_electron quantum_nature_of_radiation super_conductivity JosephGeorge electricfield calculation_chemical photoelectric_effect new_developments_in_theoretical_physics gravity refraction_in_transparent_medium electron_configuration endothermic_reactions time_dilation endothermic_nuclear_reaction contact magneticfield increasing_of_mass_of_a_fast_moving_body doppler_shift_of_star_light what_is_matter lensing_effect Joseph_George_articles orbital_electron_jumping explosion reason_emission_lines mass_lose_&_mass_gain_chemical_reactions oml_evidences reflection light_emission_heavy_atom overlapping what_is_energy loren's_contraction raman_effect emission_atoms space_matter calculation_nuclear_energy light_pressure endothermic_chemical_reaction detaching fission_by_high_energy_photon gamma_ray_radiation Elementary_particles history_of_development_my_theories exothermic_chemical_reaction interference ordinary_world polarization diffraction electron_holes nuclear_fusion_requires_great_energy_to_start compton_effect elasticity_shells shorter_life_free_neutron finding_natural_frequency_electron ionization_gas_atoms important_phenomenons color lines_spectrum_isotopes mass_lose_&_mass_gain_nuclear_reactions light_emission_hydrogen_atom radio_active_decay heat_transmission shells_properties charged_particles_light mass_lose_26_mass_gain_nuclear_reactions bremsstrahlung zeeman_effect lorens_contraction nuclear_decay bending_of_magnetic_lines Joseph George Technology ideas          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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