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The main points discussed in the book "Structure of Atom" Acceptance of the New Physics |
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Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect & Stark effect The electron configuration in a multi electron atom is determined by three factors. a) Attractive force from the nucleus, b) repulsive forces between electrons, and c) buoyant force exerted by space matter. When an atom is placed in a strong- electric field or magnetic field, its electron configuration is shifted from the atom’s normal state. That is, some of the electrons in the atom (mostly electrons in the outer regions) are shifted from their electron shells to inner or outer transitory shells, by the influence of the external field. When such an atom is excited, the atom can emit radiations in the natural frequencies of the transitory shells, to which the electrons are shifted, as well as in the natural frequencies of the electrons shells, which are not affected by the applied field. The effects are the direct indications for the strengths of the fields. I.e. when a weak field can affect only outer electrons, a strong field can influence both the inner and outer electrons alike. Lighter elements can demonstrate the effects in a weaker field comparatively than heavy elements, because of the binding force on the electrons in a lighter element is much less than that of heavy elements.
Absorption spectrum When a cooled gas is placed in the path of a continues spectrum of light, dark absorption lines will be appeared in the resulting spectrum. Each shell (electron shells and transitory shells) of an atom has its own unique natural frequency or resonant frequency. When a photon falls on an electron and the photon’s frequency matches with the natural frequency of the shell (electron shell or transitory shell) in which the electron exist at that moment, the photon will be absorbed by the electron. This absorption causes, the photon that absorbed by the atom, will be absent in the resulting spectrum. This is the reason for the absorption spectrum. Considering hydrogen atom, absorption lines cannot be detected in the case of cold hydrogen gas by continuous spectra of light of less than 3 electron volt (red to blue light photons, but not in the ultraviolet). In this case, absorption lines become only measurable when the electron resides temporarily in the corresponding transitory shell for which the natural frequencies of oscillations correspond to the Balmer, Pashen, Brackett, and Pfund series. Structure of atom What is light? How is nuclear energy released? Space matter or Aether . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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