Structure of electron: An important scientific discovery!

One simple discovery can revolutionize many of the present day beliefs in the field of fundamental physics.

Structure of atom, electric field and magnetic field, explanation of light, light emission and light absorption, wave nature of matter, electron spin etc.

Abstract acceptance 2008

8^th Asian International Seminar on Atomic and Molecular Physics (AISAMP8).

 University of Western Australia, Perth. (November 28-30-2008

http://physics-edu.org/abstract_acceptance.pdf      http://physics-edu.org/Formal_Invitation1.pdf
  (1). Structure of atom, (2). What is radio wave? (3). Nuclear reactions and releasing of energy.

Abstract acceptance 2010

 http://physics-edu.org/abstract_acceptance2.pdf   http://physics-edu.org/ecamp.pdf (Invitation letter)

10^th European conference on Atoms, Molecules and Photons (ECAMP10), Salamanca.

 (1). Structure of the atom, (2). Structure of electron, (3). What is radio wave?

Watch latest videos: Line spectrum of hydrogen  How is light emitted from an atom   Structure of atom

Introduction

Since there is no orbital motion for electrons in atoms (see Structure of atom), it is clear that the magnetic field of a magnetic domain is created by stationary positioned electrons. At Curie point a magnetic material changes its magnetic property due to the misalignment of electrons by thermal vibration. These facts indicate that an electron has a standing magnetic field. Static electricity is created by stationary charges (negative/positive). This fact indicates that electron has a standing electric field too. Electric field can only be influenced (attract/repel) by electric field and magnetic field can only be influenced by magnetic field. But, electrons can be influenced by both electric field and magnetic field. This is another evidence for the standing electric field and magnetic field of electrons. The direction of the magnetic field created is perpendicular to the direction of an electric current and a radio wave transmitter creates radio waves that are perpendicular to the oscillating electrons in the transmitter antennae, indicate that the electric field and magnetic field of an electron is at right angle. The flow of electrons in a conductor is essentially caused by the attraction between the electric fields of mobile electrons and fixed positive charges in the conductor. When a mobile electron is located in a magnetic field, the magnetic field of the electron will be directed at 0 degree angle to the applied magnetic field. If the magnetic field moves, the electron will also move with the moving magnetic field (for example, electromagnetic induction). When a magnetic field is applied parallel to the direction of an electric current, as the magnetic field of a mobile electron will be directed at 0 degree angle to the applied magnetic field, the electrons will rotate at 90 degree angle and the attraction between mobile electrons and the positive charge in the conductor to decrease. This decrease in attraction causes Magnetoresistance (MR). But if the applied magnetic field is at right angle to the direction of the current, then the electric fields of the mobile electrons will be at 0 degree angle to the direction of positive charge in the conductor and causes the decreased level of resistance in the conductor. 

Contents

a) Evidences for electron have a standing-electric field and magnetic field.
b) Evidence for the standing- electric field and magnetic field are at right angle.
Impact of the new structure of electron on current beliefs and theories:
*Impact on the current atom model.
*How magnetoresistance and electro-resistance works?
*Impact on the current theory of electric field, magnetic field and light.
*How is radio wave created?
*How is light emitted by an atom?
*Explanation for the wave nature of particles (matter wave).
*More evidences for the right angle relationship between electric field and magnetic field.

Evidences for electron have a standing-electric field and magnetic field.

We can influence (attract/repel) electrons by the application of both electric field and magnetic field.

Examples for the influence of electric field on electrons (charged particles): - Working of a vacuum tube, static electricity, electricity in a conductor, repulsion between same charged particles, Electroresistance (ER), Stark effect etc.

Examples for the influence of magnetic field on electrons: - Electromagnetic induction, attraction and repulsion on an electron beam, Magnetoresistance (MR), Zeeman effect etc.

But, as electric field can only be influenced by electric field and magnetic field can only be influenced by magnetic field, we can conclude that electron has a standing- electric field and magnetic field. 

Electric field influenced by an electric field (attraction between plus charge and minus charge)

Deflection of an electron beam by the application of a magnetic field (magnetic fields of the electrons are influenced by an external magnetic field).

Evidence for the standing- electric field and magnetic field are at right angle.

The flow of electrons in a conductor is essentially caused by the attraction between the electric fields of mobile electrons and the fixed positive charges in the conductor. But an electric current creates a magnetic field that is at right angle to the direction of current. This right angle relationship between electric current and magnetic field indicates that electron has electric field and magnetic field at right angle (more experiential evidences for the standing- electric field and magnetic field- see below).

Impact of the new structure of electron on current beliefs and theories:

Impact on the current atom model
Impact => because of the attraction between electric fields of electrons and the nucleus, the electric fields of electrons in an atom will be always directed to the nucleus and the magnetic fields of the electrons will be horizontal to the nucleus (see image).

If an electron shell has more than two electrons, because of the mutual repulsions between electrons, the electrons in the shell will be arranged spherically (see Structure of atom). Impact => in this circumstance, electrons can only oscillate (move vertically about the nucleus) in an atom and CANNOT make any other type of motions. Impact => as the electric fields of electrons are directed to the nucleus, photons emitted by atomic electrons is an evidence for the OML (oscillating magnetic line) theory of light and also an evidence for the right angle relationship between electric field and magnetic field.

"In an isolated, non radioactive atom, there are two types of forces acting on its electrons. They are attraction from the nucleus and repulsion between electrons (in hydrogen atom, attraction from the nucleus only) but these forces cannot create constant motion in electrons and so, in non-excited state, electrons in an atom have no any motions".

Impact => since there is no motions (no centrifugal force), there must be a force (an obstacle) which prevents the electrons from falling into the nucleus. Impact => the space inside of atom is not empty, but filled with a form of matter. I name this matter as ‘space matter’. Impact => evidence of space matter /aether.

Practical application: As electron has a standing- electric field and magnetic field at right angle, we can artificially rotate (or spin) the electrons which are loosely binded in a material (for example, free electrons in a conductor) by the application of an external electric field or magnetic field (this is how Magnetoresistance and Electroresistance work).

When a magnetic field is applied parallel to the direction of an electric current, as the magnetic field of a mobile electron will be directed at 0 degree angle to the applied magnetic field, the electrons will rotate 90 degree angle and the attraction between mobile electrons and the positive charge in the conductor decreases to a maximum level. This causes Magnetoresistance (MR). But if the applied magnetic field is at right angle to the direction of the current, then the electric fields of the mobile electrons will be at 0 degree angle to the direction of positive charge in the conductor and causes the decreased level of resistance in the conductor. 

By applying a strong electric field or magnetic field, we can alter the electron configuration in an atom. When such an atom is excited, the the atom can create different spectrum lines than its original spectrum lines. This is how Zeeman Effect and Stark effect are works. Interestingly, for explaining Magnetoresistance, Electroresistance, fine structure and the Stern-Gerlach experiment (a beam of silver atoms directed through an inhomogeneous magnetic field is forced into two beams), the so-called "spin property" of electron is not required. Also, evidently, a ‘consistent spin’ of particles does not exist.

Impact on the current theory of electric field, magnetic field and light:

As electron has a standing-electric field and magnetic field at right angle, when an electron oscillates parallel to its electric field, the electron creates an oscillating magnetic field (for example the oscillation of electrons in a conductor). Also, when a conductor oscillates in a magnetic field, the free electrons in the conductor make oscillations parallel to their electric fields and create an oscillating electric field (alternating current) in the conductor.

Impact => electric field and magnetic field both are created only in the presence of charged particles. Oscillation of one field (electric/magnetic) in "empty space" creates no other field.

Impact => the magnetic field created by a permanent magnet is caused by the alignment of motionless electrons. In a current carrying conductor, the flowing electrons cause to align them and create a collective magnetic field around the conductor; otherwise there is NO any direct connection between electricity and magnetism. In an electromagnet, by the influence of the magnetic field that created by the flowing electrons in the solenoid coil, the outer electrons of the atoms in the iron core will be aligned and create a magnetic field.

How is radio wave created?

Oscillation of electrons in a conductor is caused by the alternation of electric polarity in the conductor. When oscillates, the electric field of an electron will be parallel to the oscillation and the magnetic field will be perpendicular to the oscillation. This oscillation of the electron creates a transverse wave on its magnetic field. So, an oscillating electron creates an oscillating magnetic line. The oscillating magnetic line is radiated right angle to the oscillating electron.
Impact => electric current creates magnetic field and oscillating electric current creates oscillating magnetic field and NOT electromagnetic wave.

How is light emitted by an atom?
Light emission by an atom is caused by the oscillation of its electrons. As the electric field is directed to the nucleus, when oscillates an electron creates an OML photon. The photon is emitted at right angle to the oscillating electron. That is, there is a 90⁰ angle between oscillation of electrons and emission of photons.

Explanation for the wave nature of particles (matter wave).
Because of a charged particle has a standing- electric field and magnetic field, when it moves at a high speed, it CANNOT travel in a straight line. That is, when a charged particle is in motion, its field lines make it to oscillate.

An uncharged particle like neutron has only a standing- magnetic field. So, when a neutron is accelerated, its magnetic line makes it to oscillate. Impact => a particle's standing fields is the reason for the wave nature when it moves at high speed.

 More evidences for the right angle relationship between electric field and magnetic field of a charged particle like electron.

1) A radio transmitter antennae creates radio waves that are perpendicular to the oscillating electrons in the transmitter antennae.  

2) Since the electric fields of atomic electrons are always directed to the nucleus, the magnetic field created by electrons in an atom is an evidence for the right angle relationship (see electron configuration in atoms).

3) Barnett effect:-

Barnett effect is the magnetization of a ferromagnetic body when spun on its axis. The magnetization occurs parallel to the axis of spin. When the body rotates, the mobile electrons move to the outer rim due to the centrifugal force and accumulate there. This separation of charges creates a potential difference between the axis and the outer rim. As the electric field of an electron will be always directed to positive charge and the electron has electric field and magnetic field at right angle, the magnetic field is created parallel to the axis of the spin.

1) The space inside of an atom is not empty, but filled with space matter.

2) Electron (charged particle) has a stationary electric field and magnetic field at right angle regardless of any kind of its motions.

3) Wave nature of particles is not the property belong them, but it depends on the energy background that the particle exist.

4) In non-excited state, electrons in an atom have no any motions.

5) The magnetic field created by a permanent magnet is caused by the alignment of motionless electrons.

6) Oscillation of one field (electric/magnetic) in space creates no other field.

7) Light is oscillating magnetic lines and light travels as transverse wave in magnetic lines.

8) Matter and energy are not interchangeable: The releasing of energy in a nuclear reaction is due to the rapid-huge increasing of volume of ordinary matter to space matter. The missing mass (mass defect) in a nuclear reaction is converted into space matter. The releasing of energy in a chemical reaction is also due to the releasing of space matter.    

9) Only bond making reactions release energy and all bond breaking reactions absorb energy. This principle is applicable for both chemical and nuclear reactions.